Comparison of “刚” and “刚才”
Both 刚 (gāng) and 刚才 (gāngcái) are used to express that an action happened recently (similar to “just” or “just now” in English). However, they differ in word class, sentence structure, and time perception.
1. Word Class & Time Perception
刚才 (gāngcái) is a Noun (time word). It refers to an objectively brief moment ago — usually just a few minutes in the past.
刚 (gāng) is an Adverb. It indicates a time frame that the speaker subjectively considers short (this could be several minutes, days, or even months, e.g. 我刚来中国两个月 — I have only been in China for two months).
2. Sentence Position
刚 must be placed directly before the verb.
Subject + 刚 + Verb
刚才 can be placed either before the verb or at the beginning of the sentence before the subject.
刚才 + Subject + Verb / Subject + 刚才 + Verb
| 刚 | 刚才 |
|---|---|
| Adverb | Noun (time word) |
| Only before the verb | Before or after the subject |
| Subjectively short span | Objectively a few minutes ago |
Comparison Examples
爸爸刚出去
爸爸刚才出去了
我刚喝完一杯咖啡
刚才我喝了一杯咖啡
我刚放在桌子上,现在就没了
眼镜周明刚才放在桌子上
儿子刚做完作业
刚才儿子在做作业