The ba-sentence 3: “A 把 B + V + complement of result / direction”
In Chinese, the structure A 把 B + Verb + Complement is used when an action performed on a specific person or object leads to a result (结果补语) or changes its direction / position (趋向补语).
Grammar Rules
1. Complement of result (结果补语): describes the state or condition resulting from the action (e.g. 干净 gānjìng — clean, 好 hǎo — ready/done).
2. Complement of direction (趋向补语): describes the directional movement caused by the action (e.g. 出来 chūlai — out, 过来 guòlai — over here).
Grammar Structure
Affirmative: Subject (A) + 把 + Object (B) + Verb + Complement of Result / Direction
Negative: Subject (A) + 还没 / 没 + 把 + Object (B) + Verb + Complement of Result / Direction
Examples
我把衣服洗干净了。
I washed the clothes clean.
妈妈还没把饭做好呢。
Mom hasn't finished making the meal yet.
请同学们把铅笔拿出来。
Students, please take out your pencils.
你把水果拿过来。
Bring the fruit over here.
Important Note
The verb in a 把 (bǎ) sentence cannot stand alone — it must be followed by an additional element like a complement (干净, 好, 出来, 过来) or the completion particle 了.
Negative words such as 没 (méi) or 还没 (hái méi) are always placed before 把 (bǎ): A + 还没/没 + 把 + B + ...