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第 for ordinal numbers

In Chinese, 第 (dì) goes before a cardinal number and makes it ordinal.

In English it gives “first, second, third…”.

The two structures

1. 第 + number

第 + 数词
Meaning: the …th

2. 第 + number + measure word + (noun)

第 + 数词 + 量词 +(名词)
Meaning: the …th one / the …th person / the …th thing
()()()(èr)()(sān)
First, second, third

Structure

第 + 一 = 第一 第 + 二 = 第二 第 + 三 = 第三
()()first
()(èr)second
()(sān)third
()()(ge)()(èr)(ge)()()(běn)
The first one, the second one, the first book

Structure

第 + 一 + 个 the first one
第 + 二 + 个 the second one
第 + 一 + 本 the first book

Here 个 and 本 are the measure words.

()()(ge)(xué)(sheng)()()(běn)(shū)
The first student, the first book

Structure

第 + 一 + 个 + 学生 the first student
第 + 一 + 本 + 书 the first book
()the general measure word
(xué)(sheng)student
(běn)measure word for books
(shū)book

The rule in short

A plain ordinal:

第 + number

Examples:

()()()(èr)()(sān)
first, second, third

With a noun:

第 + number + measure word + noun

Examples:

()()(ge)(xué)(sheng)
the first student
()()(běn)(shū)
the first book