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从来

cónglái

Meaning

从来 is an adverb meaning “always / never before / ever since the past”.

It indicates that a situation or action has been consistently the same from the past up to the present.

It is most commonly used in negative sentences.

1. 从来不……

从来不 + verb — “never do”. Used for a habit or consistent behaviour.

Subject + 从来不 + Verb
()(cóng)(lái)()(chí)(dào)
He never arrives late.
()(cóng)(lái)()()()(fēi)
I never drink coffee.
(Lǎo)(Zhāng)(zhè)(ge)(rén)(kāi)(huì)(cóng)(lái)()(chí)(dào)
Lao Zhang is never late for meetings.

2. 从来没 / 没有……

从来没(有) + verb — “have/has never…”. It says something has never happened up to now.

Subject + 从来没(有) + Verb + 过
()(cóng)(lái)(méi)()(guo)(Zhōng)(guó)
I have never been to China.
()(cóng)(lái)(méi)(yǒu)(zuò)(guo)(fēi)()
He has never travelled by plane.

从来不 vs. 从来没(有)

从来不 → describes a habit or consistent behaviour.

()(cóng)(lái)()()(jiǔ)
He never drinks alcohol.

从来没(有) → describes an experience that has never happened.

()(cóng)(lái)(méi)()(guo)(jiǔ)
He has never drunk alcohol.

从来没……过

从来没……过 is a very common pattern: “have never done/experienced something”.

Subject + 从来没(有) + Verb + 过
()(cóng)(lái)(méi)(chī)(guo)(Běi)(jīng)(kǎo)()
I have never tried Peking duck.
()(cóng)(lái)(méi)(zhè)(me)(kuài)()(guo)
I have never been this happy before.

Quick rule

从来不 + Verb → never do
()(cóng)(lái)()(chí)(dào)
I am never late.
从来没(有) + Verb + 过 → have never done
()(cóng)(lái)(méi)()(guo)(Zhōng)(guó)
I have never been to China.
从来 covers the span from the past up to now. 从来不 → habit: never do 从来没(有)……过 → experience: have never done